The Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) is the primary agency in state government with knowledge and expertise in archaeology, historic preservation, the identification and repatriation of non-forensic human remains, and the management of cultural resources. The agency is mandated to: maintain a centralized database of cultural resources, cemeteries and burials; issue archaeological permits; administer financial incentives for historic property rehabilitation; provide grants to certified local governments; conduct regulatory reviews of all federal undertakings; recommend listings to the National Register of Historic Places; and manage other aspects of the national historic preservation program in the state of Washington. Under the State Environmental Policy Act, DAHP is designated as the expert agency for cultural resources. DAHP is also charged with implementing state law protecting human remains and enforcement of archaeological site protections. The agency’s Main Street program promotes economic development (business development and retention) through a business and occupation tax credit and preserving community character.

The Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation provides tax incentives, performs regulatory functions, and manages the Main Street program in order to preserve and protect Washington's irreplaceable cultural resources.