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Statewide Accounting glossary

This is a list of terms used within the Washington Administrative and Accounting Manual (WAAM) and within Workday. To find a term, enter it in in the search box, and select 'Apply'.

Termsort descending Category Definition
Economic Resources Measurement Focus

Measurement focus that considers all of the assets available for the  purpose of providing goods and services and reports all inflows, outflows, and balances affecting or reflecting an entity’s net  position. The economic resources measurement focus is used for proprietary and fiduciary funds, as well as for governmentwide financial reporting. Refer to Measurement Focus.

Economically feasible

An application is economically feasible when, over a reasonable period of time, the application's cumulative benefits outweigh or are equivalent to the application's cumulative costs.

Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) payments

EBTs are a method for making disbursements to benefit recipients.  The recipient's benefits are loaded onto a card, much like a debit card, to access their food and cash benefits.

Refer to WAAM Section 60.30.130 - Electronic Benefit Transfers, Payroll Cards, Stored Valued Cards, and Other Electronic Technologies.

Electronic Commerce (e-commerce)

The acceptance and/or disbursement by state agencies of state funds and/or information via online platforms or over the internet.

Electronic payments from a local account

Electronic payments such as Paypal, Venmo, and Apple Pay attached to a local bank account. Third party services such as Paypal, Venmo, and Apple Pay violate Public Deposit Protection Commission (PDPC) rules.  Agencies should consult with the Office of the State Treasurer for alternatives using the state merchant services agreement contract.  The only exception is community compensation payments authorized by the Office of Equity.

Emergency

A set of unforeseen circumstances beyond the control of the agency that either: (a) Presents a real, immediate, and extreme threat to the proper performance of essential functions; or (b) May reasonably be expected to result in material loss or damage to property, bodily injury, or loss of life, if immediate action is not taken.

Encumbrance

Commitments related to unperformed (executory) contracts for goods or services. Used in budgeting, encumbrances are not GAAP expenditures or liabilities, but represent the estimated number of expenditures ultimately to result if unperformed contracts in process are completed. An encumbrance is often recorded at the time a purchase order is processed.

End-to-End (E2E) Testing

The collaborative effort to thoroughly test functionality and integration, ensuring business processes operate as intended from start to finish.

Enterprise Funds

Used to account for any activity for which a fee is charged to external users for goods or services. Activities are required to be reported as enterprise funds if, in the context of the activity's principal revenue sources, either of the following criteria is met: a) the activity is financed with debt that is secured solely by pledge of the net revenues from fees and charges of the activity; 2) laws or regulations require that the activity's costs of providing services, including capital costs (such as depreciation or debt service), be recovered with fees and charges, rather than with taxes or similar revenues.

Enterprise Integration Crosswalk (EIC) Integration

The Enterprise Integration Crosswalk (EIC) maps legacy AFRS values to Workday values and vice versa (aka forward/reverse crosswalks). This is a temporary solution for agencies that are unable to remediate their legacy system for interacting with the new Workday financial information prior to deployment, including FDM work tags and alignment with business process workflows.

Enterprise Interface Builder (EIB)

The Enterprise Interface Builder (EIB) is a Workday tool used to import and update data in bulk within the OneWA Workday system without any programming. EIBs are available for agencies to upload mass data and transactions.  These important factors need to be considered when using an EIB: Must use default Excel spreadsheet templates for uploading data, related to a given area, and customized for only columns needed; Use of EIB initiates the same business processes as if manually entering data through the user interface; Upload bulk data using spreadsheet templates populated in Workday Data Format.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of common business practices across the enterprise and the technology that supports them. A complete ERP system combines data on an organization's main resources and provides decision makers with real time, enterprise information.

Entitlement

A service or grant that, under state or federal law, must be provided to all eligible applicants.

Equipment

Tangible property other than land, buildings, improvements other than buildings, or infrastructure which is used in operations and with a useful life of more than one year. Examples are furnishings, equipment, and software. Equipment may be attached to a structure for purposes of securing the item, but unless it is permanently attached to or an integral part of the building or structure, it is classified as equipment and not buildings.

Expenditure authority

Permission for agencies to disburse moneys or accrue liabilities during specific fiscal periods, up to specified amounts, from specific accounts. Authority is provided by the Legislature, through appropriations or inclusion of nonappropriated account moneys in the legislative budget, and by the executive through allocations, approval of unanticipated receipts, or across-the-board spending reductions.

Expenditure authority code

The three-character code assigned by OFM to identify each legislative or executive authorization to incur expenditures. Agencies are to use only those expenditure authority codes that have been authorized in writing by OFM. The assigned codes are valid only for the biennium for which they are established.

Expenditures

Decreases in net current financial resources. Expenditures include disbursements and accruals for the current period. Encumbrances are not included.

Fiduciary Funds

Used to account for assets held by a governmental unit in a trustee capacity or as an agent for individuals, private organizations, and/or other governmental units. There are four types of fiduciary funds: pension (and other employee benefit) trust funds, investment trust funds, private-purpose trust funds, and custodial funds.

Field order

(A17) - A document used by agencies to order, encumber, liquidate, and authorize payment for local purchases. This form is used when an agency has general or specific authority to make the purchase or when the item being purchased falls within the statewide contracts

Finance Analyst

View all financial data for assigned companies. No initiation or approval authority.

Finance Executive

Responsible for approving ‘Intercompany’ journals from other agencies. Ability to view all journals, but no initiation authority. 

Fiscal year

A 12-month fiscal period used for budget and accounting purposes. The Washington State fiscal year extends from July 1 through the next June 30 and is named for the calendar year in which it ends (e.g., July 1, 2014 - June 30, 2015 is state Fiscal Year 2015). The federal fiscal year runs October 1 through September 30. The city/county fiscal year runs January 1 through December 31.

Fixed assets

A fixed, physically attached, and permanent improvement or real property. Fixed assets are normally those that are capitalized.

Foundation Data Model (FDM)

The Foundation Data Model (FDM) in Workday is the state’s chart of accounts.  The Chart of Accounts is a financial organizational tool that provides a complete listing of every code in an accounting system. It is a structured list of all of the codes used to categorize financial transactions and create financial reports. 

Full-time equivalent

As a unit of measure of state employees: refers to the equivalent of one person working full-time for one year (approximately 2,088 hours of paid staff time). Two persons working half-time also count as one FTE. As a unit of measure of students in K-12 or higher education facilities: refers to the equivalent of one student attending class full-time for one school year (based on fixed hours of attendance, depending on grade level).

Function

The major functional areas by which agencies are grouped according to general purpose: education, natural resources, human services, governmental operations and transportation.

Fund

For state purposes, a fund is referred to as an account. Refer to Account.

Refer to Workday Term Worktag: Fund.

Fund balance

The excess of the assets of an account over its liabilities and reserves. For governmental funds, fund balance represents the difference between fund assets (beginning balance and estimated revenues for the period) and fund liabilities (including reserves and appropriations for the period).

Fund type

One of 11 classifications into which all individual accounts can be categorized. Governmental fund types include the general fund, special revenue funds, debt service funds, capital projects funds, and permanent funds. Proprietary fund types include enterprise funds and internal service funds. Fiduciary fund types include pension (and other employee benefit) trust funds, investment trust funds, private-purpose trust funds and agency funds. See also: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

General Fund

Used to account for all financial resources of the state not required to be accounted for in some other fund. Refer to Governmental Funds.

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